Understanding epilepsy

The key symptom of epilepsy is seizures. Seizures are episodes of changed electrical activity in the brain and can vary a lot depending on the part of the brain involved.
Seizures can cause symptoms such as loss of consciousness (passing out), unusual jerking movements (convulsions) as well as other unusual feelings, sensations and behaviours.

Focal seizures

1. Focal seizures – also called “focal onset seizures” – begin on one side of the brain. They may cause changes in awareness, behavior, or sensation, or abnormal movements usually on just one side of the body.
2. It is possible for this type of seizure to spread to both sides of the brain. When this happens, it can cause a loss of consciousness and movements on both sides of the body.

Generalised seizures

1. Generalized seizures – also called “generalized onset seizures” -- begin (or appear to begin) on both sides of the brain at the same time.
2. They usually cause a loss of consciousness or awareness and may also cause abnormal movements on both sides of the body.

Describing seizures
Health care providers may use these medical terms when talking about the muscle movements made during seizures:

1. Tonic: Muscles become stiff.
2. Atonic: Sudden, unexpected loss of muscle strength or tone.
3. Myoclonic: Short, lightning-quick, jerking movements.
4. Clonic: Periods of rhythmic shaking or jerking movements.

Prevention
You can help prevent seizures by taking your medicine as prescribed and avoiding triggers.

1. caffeine
2. missing meals
3. having an infection
4. vomiting, diarrhoea or constipation
5. fever

1. lack of sleep
2. physical and emotional stress
3. hormonal changes due to menstruation (periods)
4. missing a dose or taking too much antiepileptic medicine

1. allergens
2. alcohol or drug use
3. severe changes in temperature
4. flashing lights